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The modern birthstone list has evolved from what is thought to be its beginning in the stones of the High Priest's Breastplate representative of the twelve tribes and children of Israel.Differing translations of historical writings, replacement of stones with gems indigenous to different cultural locations, or the later influence of the Foundation Stones, all may account for why these lists have changed through time.
Below are current lists commonly used today. Many other birthstone lists have been compiled for other historical cultures.
| Month | Modern Birthstones | Traditional Birthstones | Zodiac Sign | Zodiac Stones |
| January | Garnet | Garnet | Capricorn | ruby |
| February | Amethyst | Amethyst | Aquarius | Garnet |
| March | Aquamarine | Aquamarine Bloodstone |
Pisces | Amethyst |
| April | Diamond | Diamond | Aries | Bloodstone |
| May | Emerald | Emerald | Taurus | Sapphire |
| June | Alexandrite | Pearl Moonstone |
Gemini | Agate |
| July | Ruby | Ruby | Cancer | Emerald |
| August | Peridot | Peridot Sardonyx |
Leo | Onyx |
| September | Sapphire | Sapphire | Virgo | Carnelian |
| October | Tourmaline | Opal Tourmaline |
Libra | Peridot |
| November | Citrine | Topaz | Scorpio | Beryl |
| December | Blue Zircon | Turqoise Lapis-Lazuli |
Sagitarrius | Topaz |
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