Below are lists attributed to various cultures. Since wearing birthstones became popular in Poland in the 18th century and carried forward into modern European and North American societies, the Polish list is closest to the Modern Birthstone List and the Traditional Birthstone List that we use today.Differing translations of historical writings regarding the stones of the High Priest's Breastplate, the later stones in the Second Temple Breastplate, replacement of stones with gems indigenous to different cultural locations, or the later influence of the Foundation Stones, all may account for why these lists have changed through time.
Month | Jewish Stones | Roman Stones | Spanish Stones | Arabic Stones | Polish Stones | Russian Stones | Italian Stones |
January | Garnet | Garnet | Hyacinth | Garnet | Garnet | Garnet Hyacinth |
Garnet Jacinth |
February | Amethyst | Amethyst | Amethyst | Amethyst | Amethyst | Amethyst | Amethyst |
March | Jasper | Bloodstone | Jasper | Bloodstone | Bloodstone | Jasper | Jasper |
April | Sapphire | Sapphire | Sapphire | Sapphire | Diamond | Sapphire | Sapphire |
May | Chalcedony Carnelian Agate |
Agate | Agate | Emerald | Emerald | Emerald | Agate |
June | Emerald | Emerald | Emerald | Agate Chalcedony Pearl |
Agate Chalcedony |
Agate Chalcedony |
Emerald |
July | Onyx | Onyx | Onyx | Carnelian | Ruby | Ruby Sardonyx |
Onyx |
August | Carnelian | Carnelian Sardonyx |
Carnelian | Sardonyx | Sardonyx | Alexandrite | Carnelian |
September | Chrysolite | Sardonyx | Chrysolite | Chrysolite | Sardonyx | Chrysolite | Chrysolite |
October | Aquamarine | Aquamarine | Aquamarine | Aquamarine | Aquamarine | Beryl | Beryl |
November | Topaz | Topaz | Topaz | Topaz | Topaz | Topaz | Topaz |
December | Ruby | Ruby | Ruby | Ruby | Turquise | Turquoise Chrysoprase |
Ruby |
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